A strasbourgi Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága (ECHR) vizsgálja azt a panaszt, amelyet Szelényi Zoltán, az MSZP egészségügyi szakpolitikusa és traumatológus főorvosa nyújtott be.
A panasz a magyar egészségügyi dolgozók titkosszolgálati megfigyelésére vonatkozik, amelyet a rendőrségi törvény alapján a kormányzat lehetővé tett a szolgálati jogviszony alá eső egészségügyi dolgozók esetében. Ez a törvény lehetővé teszi, hogy előzetes figyelmeztetés nélkül bekamerázzák az érintettek otthonát, lehallgassák telefonjaikat, vagy kövessék őket az utcán.
Az új jogviszony és a megfigyelés kérdése
Szelényi Zoltán elmondása szerint a kormány 2021 márciusában döntés elé állította az egészségügyi dolgozókat: vagy aláírják az új szolgálati jogviszonyról szóló szerződést, vagy elveszítik állásukat a közfinanszírozott egészségügyben.
Az új szerződés több korlátozást is tartalmazott, mint például a vezényelhetőség és a fizetett szabadság csökkentése. Ezek mellett azonban egy kevésbé ismert rendelkezés, a “megbízhatósági eljárás” lehetővé tette a dolgozók titkosszolgálati eszközökkel való megfigyelését.
Az orvosok évente akár három alkalommal is titkos megfigyelés alá kerülhetnek, előzetes figyelmeztetés nélkül. A magánélet és a személyes szféra ilyen súlyos beavatkozása súlyos aggodalmakat vetett fel a szakma és az emberi jogi szervezetek körében.
Szelényi Zoltán 2021 júniusában panaszt nyújtott be az Alkotmánybírósághoz, mivel véleménye szerint a megfigyelési eljárás súlyosan sérti az emberi méltóságot, a magán- és családi élethez való jogot, valamint a személyes adatok védelmét.
Az Alkotmánybíróság azonban elutasította a beadványt, azzal az indoklással, hogy a megbízhatósági eljárásnak “nagy társadalmi hasznossága van”. A bíróság szerint az intézkedés arányban áll az elérni kívánt célokkal, és különben sem volt kötelező aláírni az új jogviszonyt.
Az ügy Strasbourgban folytatódik
Miután az Alkotmánybíróság elutasította panaszát, Szelényi nem hagyta annyiban az ügyet. 2023 áprilisában, Litresits András ügyvéd segítségével, panaszt nyújtott be a strasbourgi Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságához. A beadványt 2023 júniusában befogadták, és kiemelt fontosságú (impact case) ügyként kezelik. A bíróság 2024 júliusában kérte a magyar kormány állásfoglalását az ügyben.
Az MSZP közben kérdéssel fordult Pintér Sándor belügyminiszterhez, hogy megtudja, hány megbízhatósági eljárás zárult vádemeléssel. Rétvári Bence, a belügyminiszter államtitkára válaszában elárulta, hogy mindössze 16 vádemelés történt, amelyek közül csak 3 esetben született elmarasztaló ítélet. Az alacsony számú ítélet rámutat arra, hogy az eljárás hatékonysága kérdéses, és sokak szerint az intézkedés célja nem más, mint nyomásgyakorlás és vegzálás az egészségügyi dolgozókkal szemben.
Szelényi Zoltán hangsúlyozta, hogy a megbízhatósági eljárások aránya és eredményessége messze elmarad a vártaktól, és az emberi jogokat sértő gyakorlatot inkább politikai eszközként használják. Szelényi szerint elegendő lenne a büntetőeljárás alkalmazása, amely nem sértené az orvosok és egészségügyi dolgozók alapvető jogait.
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