Pokol Béla volt alkotmánybíró szerint a Btk.-t sértheti Magyar Péter miniszterelnök, amiért megfenyegette Sulyok Tamás elnököt.
Az alkotmányjogász úgy véli, az államfő alkotmányos jogának korlátozása az alkotmányos rend erőszakos megváltoztatásának minősülhet.
A Közbeszéd nevű csatornának adott interjújában Pokol Béla volt alkotmánybíró elemezte az Alaptörvény tizenhetedik módosítása körül kialakult helyzetet, amelyet sokan alkotmányos puccsként értékelnek.
Pokol Béla szerint Magyar Péter miniszterelnök üzenete, miszerint Sulyok Tamás köztársasági elnöknek öt napon belül alá kell írnia a módosítást, különben megfosztási eljárás indul ellene, rendkívül veszélyes. Kifejtette, hogy az államfőnek az alkotmány két lehetőséget ad: vagy aláírja a törvényt, vagy az Alkotmánybírósághoz (AB) fordul előzetes normakontrollért. A miniszterelnöki megnyilvánulásból szerinte hiányzott az a kitétel, hogy mi történik, ha az államfő az AB-hez küldi a javaslatot.
„Enélkül úgy tűnne, mintha az államfőt az alkotmányban biztosított jogának gyakorlásában korlátozná és fenyegetné: ha nem írja alá öt napon belül – pedig nem köteles, mert az Alkotmánybíróság elé is küldheti –, akkor megfosztják” – mondta Pokol.
Az alkotmányjogász odáig ment, hogy felvetette a Büntető Törvénykönyv (Btk.) 254. §-ának, az alkotmányos rend erőszakos megváltoztatásának a lehetőségét. Említette a törvényi tényállást, amely szerinte súlyos, akár életfogytig tartó szabadságvesztéssel is büntethető. Ugyanakkor hozzátette, valószínűbbnek tartja, hogy a miniszterelnök csak pontatlanul fogalmazott. „Szerintem pongyolán fejezte ki magát. Nem hiszem, hogy végzett jogászként ne tudná: hiába ő a miniszterelnök, az államfőtől nem vehet el egy alkotmányban biztosított jogot, és nem szankcionálhatja azért, ha él vele és öt napon belül nem írja alá” – vélekedett.
Pokol Béla szerint a legvalószínűbb forgatókönyv az, hogy Sulyok Tamás az Alkotmánybírósághoz fordul. Az alaptörvény-módosítást több okból is alkotmánysértőnek tartja, elsősorban a visszaható hatálya miatt, amellyel hivatalban lévő alkotmánybírák és maga a köztársasági elnök mandátumát is megrövidítenék. Az elnök leváltására felhozott indokokat, például hogy nem emelte fel a szavát a Nemzeti Bank vagy a gyermekvédelem ügyében, abszurdnak nevezte, mivel szerinte az államfőnek nincs is hatásköre ezekben az ügyekben beleszólni.
Az interjúban kitért az Alkotmánybíróság várható működésére is. Emlékeztetett, hogy egy korábbi, hasonló ügyben hét alkotmánybíró is elfogultságot jelentett be, ami miatt a testület határozatképtelenné vált. Szerinte ez most is megtörténhet, ami megbénítaná a döntéshozatalt az alkotmányossági kérdésekben.
Ugyanakkor Pokol egy új jogi lehetőséget is felvázolt, amit az „abszurditási kifogásnak” nevezett.
Állítása szerint a módosítás egy belső ellentmondást, egy abszurditást tartalmaz. „A megfosztási eljárással átkerül a jogköre a házelnökhöz, aki aláírja a tizenhetedik módosítást, és abban az van benne, hogy amennyiben aláírja a házelnök, másnap hatályba is lép és harmadik nap megszűnik az államfő jogköre. Nem lehet megfosztani, mert mire megfosztanák, már megszűnt a tisztsége” – magyarázta a helyzetet, amit egy önmagát megsemmisítő jogi konstrukciónak tart.
Ez az abszurditás szerinte új alapot adhat az államfőnek, hogy az AB-hez forduljon. Míg az alkotmányossági kérdések a teljes, 15 fős testületet igénylik, addig ez az új, „abszurditási” probléma Pokol szerint egy ötfős tanács hatáskörében is elbírálható lenne, így kikerülhető a határozatképtelenség csapdája. „Igen, de az abszurditás új kifogására az ötfős tanács is dönthetne” – állította.
Végezetül a volt alkotmánybíró úgy vélte, a Tisza-kormány valójában nem is akarja végigvinni a megfosztási eljárást, mert bár a parlamentben megvan a kétharmaduk a megindításhoz, a végső szót az Alkotmánybíróság mondaná ki, ahol tíz bíró szavazata kellene a leváltáshoz.
„Röviden: ezért nem akarják végigjátszani a megfosztási eljárást – a megindításhoz elég a kétharmad, de a befejezés az Alkotmánybíróságon múlik, ott pedig nincs kétharmaduk” – mondta.
Pokol Béla szerint Sulyok Tamás augusztus 20-án is köztársasági elnök lesz, mert a jogi eljárások elhúzódnak, és ha az államfő az AB-hez fordul, védve van a megfosztási eljárással szemben, amíg az AB nem dönt. Egy ilyen helyzetben indított eljárás szerinte egyértelműen bűncselekmény lenne. „És ha emiatt megfosztanának, az egy alkotmányos puccs, az bűncselekmény lenne. A Btk. 254. §-ára utalok, az alkotmányos rend erőszakos megváltoztatására – fenyegetéssel is” – zárta gondolatait.
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